The Effect of Acetylation on Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Plastic Made from Hipere Starch
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
The study addresses the global problem of pollution caused by the long-term decomposition of plastic waste. It aims to explore the development of biodegradable plastics using Hipere starch and glycerol as a sustainable alternative, emphasizing their potential environmental benefits, abundance, and low cost. The primary materials used are Hipere starch, a natural polymer derived from plants, and glycerol as a plasticizer. These were selected for their compatibility and effectiveness in creating biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics were synthesized through an acetylation process that modifies the starch, aiming to enhance its properties. Various concentrations of starch were tested to evaluate their impact on mechanical and physical characteristics. A soil burial test was conducted to assess biodegradability by monitoring mass reduction over seven days. The resulting plastics exhibited transparency, lightweight properties, insolubility in water, and mold-conforming shapes. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation, improved with higher starch concentrations. The soil burial test showed consistent mass reductions between 1-3% daily, with the most significant reduction occurring on day 7, demonstrating biodegradability. While improvements were observed, further research is needed to enhance mechanical properties by incorporating additional polymers or alternative modification techniques. This could expand the applications and durability of biodegradable plastics in various industries.
M. Weber Macena, R. Carvalho, L. P. Cruz-Lopes, and R. P. F. Guiné, "Plastic food packaging: Perceptions and attitudes of Portuguese consumers about environmental impact and recycling," Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 17, p. 9953, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13179953.
N. Evode et al., "Plastic waste and its management strategies for environmental sustainability," Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng., vol. 4, p. 100142, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100142.
Mordor Intelligence, Plastic Packaging Market - Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2023 - 2028), 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/plastic-packaging-market.
M. Shams, I. Alam, and M. S. Mahbub, "Plastic pollution during COVID-19: Plastic waste directives and its long-term impact on the environment," Environ. Adv., vol. 5, p. 100119, Oct. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100119.
OECD, Global Plastics Outlook: Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2022.
Plastics Europe, Plastics - The Facts 2021: An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. Brussels: Plastics Europe, 2021.
J. R. Jambeck et al., "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean," Science, vol. 347, no. 6223, pp. 768-771, Feb. 2015, doi:10.1126/science.1260352.
L. C. M. Lebreton et al., "River plastic emissions to the world's oceans," Nat. Commun., vol. 8, no. 1, Jun. 2017, doi:10.1038/ncomms15611.
T. D. Moshood et al., "Sustainability of biodegradable plastics: New problem or solution to solve the global plastic pollution?," Curr. Res. Green Sustainable Chem., vol. 5, p. 100273, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100273.
J. Fojt et al., "A critical review of the overlooked challenge of determining micro-bioplastics in soil," Sci. Total Environ., vol. 745, p. 140975, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140975
M. Qin et al., "A review of biodegradable plastics to biodegradable microplastics: Another ecological threat to soil environments?," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 312, p. 127816, Aug. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127816.
G. Coppola et al., "Bioplastic from renewable biomass: A facile solution for a greener environment," Earth Syst. Environ., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 231-251, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s41748-021-00208-7.
H. Cheng et al., "Starch-based biodegradable packaging materials: A review of their preparation, characterization and diverse applications in the food industry," Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 114, pp. 70-82, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.017.
E. L. Abellas et al., "Bioplastic made from starch as a better alternative to commercially available plastic," Sci. Educ. Sci. J., vol. 2, no. 11, Nov. 2021.
A. Soplanit et al., "Teknik penggunaan ajir pada beberapa varietas ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) di dataran tinggi Papua," J. Budidaya Pertanian, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 77-87, Jun. 2020, doi:10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.1.77.
V. Mambor, "Indonesia: Papua's sweet potato tradition attempts comeback," Benar News, Nov. 04, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/sweet-potato-11132015141043.html
Đ. Ačkar et al., "Starch modification by organic acids and their derivatives: A review," Molecules, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 19554-19570, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.3390/molecules201019554.
R. Colussi et al., "Acetylation of rice starch in an aqueous medium for use in food," LWT - Food Sci. Technol., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1076-1082, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.053.
S. L. M. E. Halal et al., "Structure, morphology and functionality of acetylated and oxidised barley starches," Food Chem., vol. 168, pp. 247-256, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.046.
L. do Val Siqueira et al., "Starch-based biodegradable plastics: Methods of production, challenges and future perspectives," Curr. Opin. Food Sci., vol. 38, pp. 122-130, Apr. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.020.
T. Jiang et al., "Starch-based biodegradable materials: Challenges and opportunities," Adv. Ind. Eng. Polym. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 8-18, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2019.11.003.
Badan Standar Nasional, Standar Nasional Indonesia: Cara Uji Makanan dan Minuman, SNI 01-2891-1992. Jakarta: Badan Standar Nasional, 1992.
W. R. Saman, I. Yuliasih, and S. ., "Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of white sweet potato starch," Int. J. Eng. Manage. Res., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 53-57, Jun. 2019, doi:10.31033/ijemr.9.3.7.
J. Y. Boey, C. K. Lee, and G. S. Tay, "Factors affecting mechanical properties of reinforced bioplastics: A review," Polymers, vol. 14, no. 18, p. 3737, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14183737.
X. Ren, "Biodegradable plastics: A solution or a challenge?," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 27-40, Feb. 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00020-3.
A. I. Olagunju et al., "Influence of acetylation on physicochemical and morphological characteristics of pigeon pea starch," Food Hydrocolloids, vol. 100, p. 105424, Mar. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105424.
Y. O. Ansanay, D. Y. Runtuboi, and E. T. Wiradyo, "Potency of utilizing sago starch as natural resource from Papua in the production of biodegradable plastic," Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 353-358, Feb. 2022.
M. T. Zumstein et al., "Biodegradation of synthetic polymers in soils: Tracking carbon into CO2 and microbial biomass," Sci. Adv., vol. 4, no. 7, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9024.
J. Arjun et al., "Banana peel starch to biodegradable alternative products for commercial plastics," GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 234-244, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0066.
N. Ahmad Shahrim et al., "Biodegradation of mango seed starch films in soil," IIUM Eng. J., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 258-267, Jan. 2022, doi:10.31436/iiumej.v23i1.1620.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.